WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

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Joshbuildsthings
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WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

Migrating over my thread I started in 2024 on PAFOA.

PLEASE if you want to quote a post try not to insert the quote of the entire post into your post, that makes the thread even longer.

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A friend and I spent the last several years restoring this 1942 US WWII 3 Inch M5 anti-tank gun (ATG) to functional original condition.

It is a registered destructive device/NFA item, capable of sending projectiles down range. Inert projectiles only. Explosive projectiles would be individual DDs by themselves and we're not going down that path.

It's not 100% complete but it's finally to the point I can show it off. It's taken a lot to get to this point. There is a small community that supports these kinds of projects and their help has been greatly appreciated. The amount of things I learned and people I met through this journey has been incredible.

A common question is, "Where did you get it?". Many large bore guns like this are legally in private hands. They are bought and sold just like any other NFA item. There were some towed guns in the last Rock Island Auction. Usually they are bought and sold by word of mouth.

3" Mk II M2 brass cases and 3" (76mm) projectiles are not too hard to find, but spendy. Cases average $150 and projectiles vary from $60-$300 (depending on condition and collectability).

Smokeless artillery powder is regulated since it not used in small arms and obtaining it is a process. I have to give some thanks to the local ATF office for answering all my questions and providing guidance on how to do this all legally. The PA DEP is also tied into the regulation of the powder. They have been good to deal with as well.

The case has a primer and primer extension tube that protrudes deep into the case. These can be reloaded with new primers.

A blank salute can be fired by putting black powder in a case with no projectile. I will have dedicated cases for that with a simple primer set up.

I have found one of three original sights it was equipped with (for direct and indirect fire). I am still working on finding the rest of those and other original accessories like cleaning rods, etc.

The only modification from original is modern 12V electric trailer brakes and a modern 7 pin connector to replace the original electric brakes. Yes, in 1942 they had electric trailer brakes. They were only for breakaway situations though.

Test fire will be soon. The fun is just getting started.

First time out for a test ride (almost forgot the safety chains).

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Saturday we displayed it for the first time at a local club event. Weighing in at 5,700 lbs, it takes at least 4 or 5 strong guys to move it by hand. The Army assigned it a crew of 10 soldiers.

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It is not fun to tow. No suspension, weight balanced on a single axle, very little tongue weight. Very bouncy even with the tire pressure lowered. Anything further than a short drive from the house and it will go on my car trailer for transport.

The barrel mounted taillight is an original accessory. Yes, that is an expanding PVC test plug in the barrel for transport.

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Here is a poster board I put together for display. Large photo, there is more to the right which may not show up on mobile device unless you turn your device sideways.

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Cleaning a 150" long barrel with a 3" bore is a lot of work. Hours of work. The first cleaning to see the condition took about 4 hours.

A t-shirt makes a perfect cleaning patch.

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Beautiful rifling.

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Restoration process photos...

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We replaced a lot of rusted out metal.

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The modern brake backing plates only needed a little modification but I had to design drums for the hubs that were machined from solid steel.

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The majority of the right trail leg was replaced due to rust.

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Every part was cleaned, repaired as needed, and prepared for assembly.

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This assembly with two heavy duty coil springs counter-balances the weight of the gun. You can see them under the back of the gun when assembled.

Those two springs are reproductions, made by the company who made them during WWII using the design specifications from the original US Army order.

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Even small parts like this brass latch handle took hours to braze back together.

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Last edited by Joshbuildsthings on Sun Feb 01, 2026 10:02 am, edited 1 time in total.
In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

History time...

The wiki page is pretty accurate base don everything I've read in books, so I won't repeat all that.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-inch_gun_M5

The carriages were made by the Pullman-Standard rail car factory in Hammond, Indiana. The guns were also assembled on the carriages there. The recoil mechanism was made by Rock Island Arsenal. The gun and breech were made by Vilter Manufacturing, still in business making industrial compressors.

Here are some photos taken at the Hammond plant:

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In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

Update on this little project.

Still no test firing. I had to deal with more oil leaks from the recoil mechanism and now I'm dealing with a nitrogen leak. Just more fun steps on this journey. It will get there eventually.

Now for the good news. I can now say it is an award winning gun. Last weekend there was a big car show at Live Casino in Greensburg. They gave us the award for "Most Unique" which is very fitting. The gun was towed there behind an Escalade (which went well) and I drove my jeep there. I spent a lot of time talking with interested folks. Some veterans shared their stories and some kids got to turn to elevation wheel. I met one local reenactor and hopefully we can link up for an event in the future. With the trophy came $500 in casino credit, which we proceeded to lose immediately on a single bet. Easy come, easy go!

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I'm planning on displaying the gun at the National Pike Summer Show this coming Friday through Sunday near Brownsville, PA. There are some WW2 reenactors who set up a small camp during the summer show so I will put it with them. Stop on out if you would like to see it. I suggest getting there early as the event has grown quite large and the line of traffic to get in can take some time if you hit it during peak hours.

Website for the event:

http://www.nationalpike.com/events.html

Photos from the National Pike show this past weekend.

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The outside cat inspecting everything before it gets put away.

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In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

Time to address the nitrogen leak!

Here is the problem area, the top rear of the recuperator cylinder where nitrogen is added. Some soapy water showed the leak was coming from the hole in the middle where the nitrogen tool threads in.

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The recoil rod was unbolted from the sleigh and the gun assembly was slid back using a come-along to have room to work.

I made a large spanner wrench with a three foot handle to turn both of the nuts seen.

Amazingly, both nuts turned with little struggle.

Here is what comes out:

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The middle piece with the copper sided rubber seal needed a little slide hammer encouragement to pop out. Amazingly my harbor freight slide hammer rod had the same threads as the hole used to fill the nitrogen!

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The check valve that is opened by the nitrogen filling tool is attached to the backside of this piece.

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This little seal seems to be the problem.

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The inside of the recuperator cylinder looks good, just a little crud to wipe out.

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So now to order some square o-rings from mcmaster!

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A week ago I replaced that little seal on the nitrogen filling end that was leaking with a standard off the shelf square #206 o-ring from Mcmaster-Carr. After reassembling, refilling the nitrogen, and waiting a week to check it... it held pressure! Woohoo!

I also prepared some cases for use as blanks/salutes. I will make a separate post on those.
In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

Let's talk scopes, mounts, etc!

Finding the correct scopes and mounts for an ordnance piece can take a long time and a lot of hunting. Usually they are fairly affordable, as demand is not high for these things. They are just hard to find.

The M5 had 3 different sights.

The left side of the gun had:

- M61A1 telescope mount with M79C telescope and instrument light M33 (with one dovetail mounting lamp)

- M21A1 telescope mount (or M41A2 mount) with M12A3 panoramic telescope and instrument light M19

The right side of the gun had:

- Range Quadrant M10C and M23 telescope mount with M29A1 elbow telescope (or M29 elbow telescope) and instrument light M36

I am aware of one privately owned M5 with all 3 sights and mounts. I was able to look at it and boy is it pretty.

Here are photos from the factory that built the carriage for the M5s and assembled the guns for shipment showing the original optics:

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After reading the TM I have, I'm still not quite sure how the 3 sights were utilized. I know the M79C telescope on the left is primarily for direct fire and the range quadrant on the right is primarily for indirect fire. I am not sure if the M12A3 panoramic telescope on the left was only used for indirect firing or if it was also used to support the direct firing.

Regardless... I want them!

I was able to find the M21A1 telescope mount, M12A3 panoramic telescope, and instrument light M19 without too much trouble because these were also shared with the 105mm howitzer. You can probably go on ebay right now and find these. The M12A3 telescope resides in a M27 packing chest.

The M61A1 telescope mount with M79C telescope are rarer than rocking horse poop. I was able to find an M79C from someone who picked it up at an antique store years ago. Unfortunately, someone removed the cross hairs so it could be used as a generic telescope, and the eye cup is long gone. An automotive CV shaft boot is standing in for it. What a heavy beast this is. The large and complex mount for this scope still eludes me.

Since I have no mount for my M79C, I lucked into a custom mount for an M69 scope. It was very nicely made to mount this scope on an M5. The M69 scope was meant for other guns, so the reticle would not be accurate for 3" loads, but it looks good sitting on the custom mount. The mount has no adjustment, other than loosening the mounting bolts for the whole thing and kicking it around, so it is serving as just a spotting scope. This scope is an M69F and it is complete with various filters in a T16 carrying case. It was last inspected in the 1950s per the tags in the case.

I haven't even caught a whiff of the range quadrant sight on the market. The elbow telescope for it is common, but useless without the main part. I may have to adopt one from a 105mm howitzer if I want to have something mounted, but the sight would not be accurate for 3" loads.

Here is what I have:

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The M19 instrument light is really cool.

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It throws light on your dials, the two spirit levels on the mount, and lights up the reticle inside the telescope.

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The reticle is uniformly illuminated, but this is the best photo I could take.

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I also like this little iron sight on the telescope.

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Here is my M79C aka T116 telescope.

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It also sports a little iron sight.

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It is tough to hold out with one hand. You can see the large mounting points on the bottom and the slot for a single dove tail illumination mount to light up the reticle it would of had.

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As soon as I have convinced myself that the T116/M79C direct fire sight is rare I find a better one than the one I have on ebay.

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This one has the original eye cup/boot and it has the crosshairs in it, so this is an upgrade.

The glass is really dirty.

Does anyone have tips for cleaning old optics? I might have to take this one apart to clean the glass inside.
In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

The ultimate tractor attachment:

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Videos of test firing blanks using 1 lb of black powder in an anti-static bag, nothing else:

https://imgur.com/F3bNf2Q

https://imgur.com/FNIFtk5

https://imgur.com/QhSwWxS

https://imgur.com/WUy4aWB

I had planned on cutting down cheap 3"/50 Navy cases but they are just a hair too big in every way. I cut one down and even the very bottom of the case wouldn't fit in the chamber. So instead, I am using cut down steel 76mm T19E1B1 cases for the T124 gun. These cases were already damaged at the mouth and a good price so no tears were shed cutting them down. These used a thread in primer so I had adapters machined to accept the press in primer assemblies. The primer assembly uses a 50 BMG primer and a gas check. No primer tube. The 50 BMG primer has enough heat to puncture the bag and ignite the black powder. To reload the primer in these blank cases I use a long punch to knock the primer and gas check out of the bottom, then use my large arbor press to push everything back in. I have seen others make a hand press tool to do this in the field so I will have to make one of those.

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Next test will be sending a projectile down range.
In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

And now for the moment you've all been waiting for.

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Video:

https://imgur.com/a/A7ZnqgK

A better video is in production. This is just a teaser with some clips.

I conducted a two round test fire to confirm my reloads and the gun function properly. I did this at a private spot on my farm with minimal people. Just the necessary photographers and helpers. The range was very short.

Two rounds were fired with a long rope from behind some cover.

The 11.25 lb projectiles where chronographed with a Garmin Xero at 1720 fps average. 518k ft-lbs of energy. Starting load of 3 lbs of smokeless artillery powder.

The original WWII M42 HE load was a 12.87 lb projectile, 2800 fps, and about 4.6 lbs of a different smokeless artillery powder. My starting load was based on advice from two experienced and independent big gun shooters, who both told me the same number.

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A recovered projectile. Dummy fuze obliterated and driving band engraved with rifling.

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One case split. I'm told they either split on the first shot or you get many shots out of them. This can be cut down into a blank or used for display.

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Loading ammo:

Press the old primer assemblies out of the cases. Black smith any dents in the mouth on a piece of pipe with a mallet.

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Disassemble the flash tube from the primer base.

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Install a new 50 BMG primer and the gas check components in the base. Slide a paper liner in the flash tube and fill with black powder (approx. 300 gr). Thread them together.

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Install the primer assembly in the case. Note: I think I'm going to change the order I do this in. I will put powder in the flash tube, press the assembly into the case, and install the new 50 BMG primer and gas check last.

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Measure and add smokeless artillery powder. Starting load of 3 lbs of "M6" powder. This was just enough to cover the end of the flash tube.

Install a cardboard disk and spacer to hold the disk in place under the projectile to keep the powder at the rear of the case.

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Then you install the projectile by hand or with the press depending how tight the neck is.

Getting the cartridge in the chamber the first time can be a little tricky if the case isn't already formed to this gun. You can use your imagination to figure out what that looks like. Once they are fired in the gun they go in and out easily.

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On Memorial Day I was invited to participate in a local parade and memorial ceremony with the gun.

I fired a 1 lb black powder blank on top of a hill about 475 yards from the ceremony. I was on the phone with someone at the ceremony who told me when to fire, which was at the end of Taps being played. I was facing another hill and the sound was like thunder, rolling and echoing back. I couldn't help but grin like a fool. I will have to practice being serious when firing big guns. This may take some time. The ceremony organizers were very pleased with it. I did not ask for any payment or special recognition.

Turn up your volume and listen to that echo.

Video: https://imgur.com/a/vEXG0fF

Loading a blank:

My blank cases are cut down 76mm T19E1B1 steel cases. I had to machine threaded adapters to use my press in primer holders. These do not use a flash tube. I install a new 50 BMG primer then press in the gas check parts. Many consider the gas check as overkill for a blank case but more protection for the breech is fine by me.

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The black powder (4FA) is measured and placed in an anti-static bag, then stuffed in the case. The flash from the primer penetrates the bag and sets off the powder.

Some more photos:

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The downside of shooting a blank is the clean up. It takes me about 2 hours to disassemble the breech block components, pressure wash everything, clean the gun bore and parts (an XL T-shirt makes a good patch), then dry and oil everything.

So as much fun as firing a blank is, it needs to be a special occasion like this one.
In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Joshbuildsthings »

Had a good time displaying the gun at the WWII American Experience museum in Gettysburg, PA this past Saturday. They had their big annual event. Reenactors, flea market, tank rides, demonstrations, etc...



https://visitww2.org/



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The gun looks perfect behind a Chevy G506.


Video:

https://imgur.com/U3hqSQi
In America arms are free merchandise such that anyone who has the capital may make their houses into armories and their gardens into parks of artillery. - Ira Allen, 1796
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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by JPaulC »

Thanks for the posting Josh. That was great to see all the work you and your friends put into that piece and being able to fire it again. I'm sure all the people at Gettysburg were impressed at how it looks and it even fires.

This is an aft 3" 50 on the port side of the Fleet Oiler I was on. There were four when I first came aboard in April of 1976. Two were removed later on in dry dock around 1978 so there was one on each side one forward and one aft.

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Re: WWII 3 Inch M5 Anti-Tank Gun

Post by Ronin »

Josh, I continue to be impressed by the work you manage to turn out. Thanks for posting this. Really nice job.
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